Health Care During Pregnancy
Pre-Pregnancy Considerations
To minimize the risk of complications during pregnancy, it’s essential to adopt healthy lifestyle habits. This includes avoiding alcohol, smoking, and certain medications, as well as maintaining good hygiene and emotional well-being. Ideally, women should aim to become pregnant at a suitable age to reduce potential harm to the reproductive system.

General Dietary Guidelines for Pregnant Women
Health Assessment: Pregnant women should adjust their diet according to their health status and aim to maintain an optimal weight. It is advisable to consult with a doctor or a nutrition specialist for personalized dietary guidance.

Weight Gain: Weight gain during pregnancy should be within the recommended range of 10-14 kg. It’s important to note that the rate of weight gain should not be excessively fast, as this can lead to complications.

Caloric Intake:

From the second trimester onwards, an additional 300 calories per day is recommended. Total daily caloric intake should also consider the mother’s age and activity level.
For breastfeeding women, an increase of 500 calories per day is suggested.
Protein Requirements:

Pregnant women should increase their protein intake by 10 grams per day due to fetal development. High biological value protein sources include low-fat dairy products, legumes, and lean meats.
During breastfeeding, the average daily milk production requires about 850 mL, providing approximately 10 grams of protein for the infant.
Vitamins and Minerals:

Pregnant women should consume a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, focusing on natural sources rather than supplements unless recommended by a healthcare professional.
Increased needs for calcium (1,000 mg/day), iron (additional 15 mg/day during early pregnancy and 45 mg/day while breastfeeding), iodine (200 mcg/day for pregnant women), and magnesium (355 mg/day) should be met through dietary sources such as leafy greens, dairy, and lean meats.
Folic Acid Importance:

Folic acid is crucial for preventing neural tube defects. It is recommended to consume 400 mcg/day before conception and 600 mcg/day during pregnancy. Folic acid-rich foods include dark green vegetables, legumes, and fortified cereals.
Foods to Limit or Avoid
Pregnant women should limit or avoid the following:

Alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco products.
Foods high in unhealthy fats, added sugars, and artificial additives.
Conclusion
Maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet is vital during pregnancy to support both maternal and fetal health. Regular consultations with healthcare professionals can help ensure that dietary and health needs are met throughout this crucial period.