What is the Common Cold?

1. Definition
The common cold is an infection caused by viruses in the upper respiratory tract. Generally, it is not a serious illness, and children under the age of 6 are the most affected group.

2. Symptoms
Symptoms usually appear on the first to third day after infection and include:
– Runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, sneezing
– Body aches or headaches, slight fever
– Fatigue

3. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through the history of symptoms mentioned above and blood tests.

4. Causes
Most cases are caused by viruses such as Rhinovirus A, B, C. These pathogens enter our body through respiratory droplets in the air when an infected person speaks, coughs, or sneezes, which come into contact with our mouth, nose, and eyes.

If symptoms mentioned above are combined with the following signs:
– In adolescents, symptoms include fever > 38.5°C, fever lasting at least 5 days or intermittent fever, difficulty breathing, nasal congestion, sore throat, and headache.
– In children, symptoms include fever starting from 38°C, fever lasting at least 2 days, difficulty breathing, sore throat, and respiratory symptoms. If any of the symptoms described above occur, it is necessary to consult a doctor urgently.
5. Prevention

Wash hands frequently.
Use a tissue to cover the mouth when sneezing or coughing.
Avoid sharing personal items while sick.
Maintain good health by eating nutritious food, drinking plenty of warm fluids, exercising, and getting enough rest.
6. Treatment
Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the symptoms. In cases caused by viruses, it is not necessary to use antibiotics; however, if a bacterial infection accompanies the viral infection, antibiotics should be used as prescribed by a physician.